A microdiscectomy is a surgical procedure performed to relieve pressure on a nerve root caused by a herniated or “slipped disc” in the spine. This operation often alleviates symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness. While the surgery itself can provide immediate relief, the recovery process does not end there. Many patients wonder if they need physical therapy afterward to ensure a full recovery. In this article, you will learn about the role of physical therapy in post-microdiscectomy recovery, its benefits, and what you can expect if you choose to include it in your rehabilitation plan.
What Is Microdiscectomy and What Does It Involve?
A microdiscectomy is typically recommended when conservative treatments for a herniated disc—such as rest, medication, or physical therapy—fail to relieve symptoms. The procedure involves removing a portion of the herniated disc to reduce pressure on nearby nerves, which often alleviates pain and restores some physical function. The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia and involves a small incision in the back. The surgeon uses a microscope to visualize the surgical site, allowing for precise removal of the disc material.
The surgery itself is less invasive than a traditional discectomy, allowing for quicker healing times and less postoperative discomfort. However, as with any surgery, there is a risk of muscle weakness, stiffness, and reinjury during recovery.
Why Might Physical Therapy Be Necessary after Microdiscectomy?
Physical therapy is widely recommended after a microdiscectomy procedure for several key reasons:
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Rebuilding muscle strength and stability
After a microdiscectomy, the muscles around the spine may have weakened due to disuse before surgery or as a side effect of the operation itself. Physical therapy can help you gradually rebuild the strength of these muscles, which is essential for stabilizing your spine and preventing further injuries.
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Increasing mobility and flexibility
Even though a microdiscectomy is minimally invasive, there may still be some stiffness in the spine following surgery. Physical therapists design exercises to increase your range of motion, helping you regain full movement in your back and legs. Flexibility is key in supporting the spine and preventing recurrence of symptoms.
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Reducing pain and discomfort
Physical therapy can help you manage and reduce any lingering pain after surgery. Techniques such as targeted exercises (such as lower back pain exercises), manual therapy, and modalities such as heat, ice, or electrical stimulation can promote healing and alleviate discomfort.
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Preventing scar tissue formation
Scar tissue can form around the surgical site and restrict movement or irritate nearby nerves, causing pain. Physical therapy can minimize scar tissue development by encouraging blood flow and movement around the surgical area, promoting a smoother, less restrictive healing process.
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Educating on proper body mechanics
Physical therapists provide guidance on body mechanics—such as lifting techniques and posture—that can prevent reinjury. They also teach techniques for everyday movements to reduce strain on the spine, making it easier to resume normal activities safely.
What Can You Expect from Physical Therapy after Microdiscectomy?
Your physical therapy journey will be tailored to your specific needs and progress, often beginning within a few weeks of your surgery. Here is a general timeline of what you might expect in each stage:
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Initial stage (1–2 weeks post-surgery)
In the first few weeks, physical therapy focuses on gentle exercises to restore basic movements and alleviate stiffness. You may start with small range-of-motion exercises, breathing techniques, and gentle stretching. During this stage, the goal is to encourage blood flow, reduce swelling, and help you become comfortable with controlled movement. Your therapist may also provide advice on safe ways to sit, stand, and perform light daily activities.
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Intermediate stage (3–6 weeks post-surgery)
Around the third week, you may begin more specific exercises targeting muscle strengthening, especially for the core muscles. These exercises stabilize your spine and support healing. Activities may include:
- Core stabilization exercises, such as planks and bridging
- Gentle stretching to increase flexibility
- Light resistance training to build strength around the back and abdomen
This phase often includes supervised movements to avoid straining healing muscles, and your therapist will likely introduce guidance on body mechanics to prevent any undue stress on your back.
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Advanced stage (7–12 weeks post-surgery)
As you approach 7–12 weeks after surgery, your physical therapist may progress your exercises to more challenging activities aimed at rebuilding full strength and range of motion. This stage often incorporates:
- Advanced core exercises to further stabilize the spine
- Strengthening exercises for the glutes, legs, and lower back
- Balance and stability exercises, such as single-leg stands and proprioceptive drills
These exercises are designed to help you regain your full functional capabilities and may also include low-impact activities like swimming or cycling to build cardiovascular fitness.
What Are the Benefits of Physical Therapy after Microdiscectomy?
Patients who diligently follow their physical therapy regimen after a microdiscectomy often experience a range of benefits, including:
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Faster recovery
With structured guidance from a physical therapist, patients often experience a quicker recovery, regaining their ability to resume daily activities sooner than those who skip physical therapy.
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Lower risk of reinjury
Strengthening the core and lower back muscles protects the spine from undue stress, which is especially beneficial in reducing the risk of a recurrent disc herniation.
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Improved long-term function
Patients who commit to a full physical therapy program after microdiscectomy often report increased mobility, strength, and endurance long after their recovery period has ended. This is essential for those wanting to lead active, pain-free lives.
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Enhanced mental wellbeing
Rehabilitation from surgery can be both physically and emotionally challenging. Physical therapy not only alleviates pain but also provides a structured recovery process, boosting confidence and motivation.
How Long Will You Need Physical Therapy?
The duration of your physical therapy depends on your specific condition and progress. Most patients complete their physical therapy within 8 to 12 weeks, although some may continue with periodic sessions for additional support or if complications arise. Your therapist will assess your condition and tailor your treatment plan accordingly, adjusting exercises as you regain strength and range of motion.
Can You Skip Physical Therapy?
While some patients may be tempted to skip physical therapy, especially if they experience significant symptom relief right after surgery, it is not advisable. Opting out of physical therapy can delay your recovery, increase your risk of reinjury, and lead to issues like stiffness or weakness in the long run.
It is best to consult with your surgeon and physical therapist to decide on a plan that works for your needs. In most cases, the benefits of physical therapy far outweigh any temporary inconvenience.
Physical therapy after microdiscectomy plays a vital role in ensuring a safe, effective recovery. It supports muscle strength, enhances mobility, reduces pain, and minimizes the risk of reinjury. By following a structured physical therapy program, you are more likely to regain your full functionality and return to your daily life with confidence.
If you have recently had a microdiscectomy or are considering one, discuss the potential benefits of post-surgery physical therapy with your healthcare provider. A tailored physical therapy program could make all the difference in achieving a successful and lasting recovery.
Even though microdiscectomy surgery is a common and generally quite successful procedure, a hole is frequently left in the outer wall of the disc. In fact, patients with these large holes in their discs are more than twice as likely to reinjure themselves by having what is known as a reherniation. These reherniations often require additional surgery or even fusions. Fortunately, there is a new treatment specifically designed to close the large holes that are often left in spinal discs after discectomy surgery. Barricaid is a bone-anchored device proven to reduce reherniations, and 95 percent of Barricaid patients did not undergo a reoperation due to reherniation in a 2-year study timeframe. This treatment is performed immediately following the discectomy—during the same operation—and does not require any additional incisions or time in the hospital.
If you have any questions about the Barricaid treatment or how to get access to Barricaid, ask your doctor or contact us at 844-705-1081.
For full benefit/risk information, please visit: https://www.barricaid.com/instructions.
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